Additional days of extreme heat (average % change by 2050, based on 3°C warming)

Urban centers, especially mid-exposure cities like Los Angeles, New York, London, Paris and Tokyo, will see more days of dangerous heat in a world that warms 3°C (5.4°F) above preindustrial levels by 2050. These changes signal rising climate adaptation costs.

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Source: MSCI ESG Research, data as of June 30, 2025, using MSCI GeoSpatial Asset Intelligence, based on ”Current Policies” scenario developed by the Network for Greening the Financial System.